Bacteria and Living Organism Parasites Essay Example for Free

Bacteria and Living Organism Parasites Essay Describe what is meant by infection and colonisation. Infection – is an invasion to body tissues from a disease- caused microorganism. Colonisation – is multiplication of microorganisms without tissue invasion or damage. Explain what is meant by â€Å"systemic infection and localized infection† Systemic – is when infection is distributed throughout the whole body. Localized – is when infection is limited to a specific part of the body. 2. 5 Identify poor practises that may lead to the spread of infection. If you don’t wash your hands, not wearing personal protective clothing, not clearing surroundings, not covering your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough. Understand the transmission of infection. Explain the conditions needed for the growth of microorganisms. Microorganisms need something to feed on such as dairy products, raw eggs and uncooked fish. Moisture- the microorganisms will not grow in dry conditions. Warmth/ temperature – there are two types that grow in low temperatures and some that grow in high temperatures. Psychorphiles will grow in less than 20c and thermophiles which will grow above 45c. Time – with the right food, moisture and temperature the microorganisms will divide in to two every 20minutes. . 7 Explain the ways an infective agent might enter the body. Main ways are through the mouth, lungs, cuts , touch and other external organs such as eyes also they can enter through genitals and mixing body fluids.   Identify common source of infection. Infections can be spread and caught though having contact with another person who has the infection or even some infections can be air bourn Explain how infec tive agents can be transmitted to a person. Transmitting infections can be done in different ways such as coughing and sneezing on someone, touching an infected person including sexual contact, touching contaminated surfaces, contaminated food, or if microorganisms can remain in the air for long periods of time. 3. 10 Identify the key factors that will make it more likely that infection will occur. It is most likely to occur when a person has a low immune system, is on long term antibiotics or has bad hygiene when treating a wound.

coral reef Essay -- essays research papers

CORAL REEFS Almost every one of us have heard and most of you have seen the Coral reefs but did you know what actually these are: As a mariner its important to know about the marine life, that was one reason I have chosen this topic for my today’s short presentation. GM, my scheme of presentation will be as flashed: DEFINATION OF CORAL REEF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORAL AND CORAL POLYP WHERE WE CAN FIND CORAL CONSTRUCTION OF CORAL REEFS CONDITIONS FOR GROWTH OF CORAL REEFS TYPES OF CORAL REEFS THREAT TO CROAL REEFS WHAT SHOULD A MARINER DO IN CORAL RICH AREAS FUTURE OF CORAL REEFS CONCLUSION What is a coral reef? Coral reefs are huge structures made of limestone that is deposited by living things. There are thousands of species that live in coral reefs, but only a fraction actually produces the limestone that builds the reef. Coral reefs support over 25% of all known marine species. They are one of the most complex ecosystems on the planet, and are home to over 4,000 different types of fish, 700 species of coral and thousands of other plants and animals. A good way to imagine a coral reef is to think of it as a bustling city or community, with the buildings made of coral, and thousands of inhabitants coming and going, carrying out their business. In this sense, a coral reef is like a metropolis under the sea. What is coral? Although coral is often mistaken for a rock or a plant, it is actually composed of tiny, fragile animals called coral polyps. When we say "coral" we are actually referring to these animals and the skeletons they leave behind after they die. Although there are hundreds of different species of corals, they are generally classified as "hard coral" or "soft coral". Hard corals grow in colonies and are the architects of coral reefs. They include such species as brain coral and elkhorn coral. Their skeletons are made out of calcium carbonate (also known as limestone) which is hard and eventually becomes rock. Hard corals are hermatypes or reef-building corals and need tiny algae called zooxanthellae (pronounced zo-zan-THEL-ee) to survive. Generally, when we talk about "coral" we are referring to hard corals. Soft corals such as sea fingers and sea whips, are soft and bendable and often resemble plants or trees. These corals do not have stony skeletons, but instead grow wood-like cores for suppor... ...s are considered as part of a larger watershed, the recognization of the complexity of environmental stresses can be understood. Management plans can be developed to reduce impacts to mangroves, seagrasses and the reef ecosystem, based upon accurate data and a better understanding of the system. EPA is in the process of developing guidance for a watershed approach to coral ecosystem protection. CONCLUSION Corals provide shelter for nearly one quarter of all known marine species. The reefs are home to over 4000 species of fish, 700 species of coral, and thousands of other forms of plant and animal life. Living coral reefs are the foundation of marine life, and this also means that they are essential for human life, but all over the world they are dead or dying because people are destroying them at a very fast rate. Already 10% have been lost, and there are predictions that 705 of all corals on the planet will be destroyed in 20 to 40 years unless people stop doing what they are doing now – i.e., pollution, sewage, erosion, cyanide fishing, bad tourism. We need coral reefs, and not just to make the ocean look pretty and colourful, they are more than just that†¦ eggs.

Museum of Natural History: Holden’s World Essay

â€Å"The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was.† –Holden. In the story Catcher in the Rye, author J.D Salinger delivers many reasons that show how strong the symbolism of the Museum of Natural History is. The Museum of Natural History holds sentimental value to Holden. That place is where Holden spent his childhood and held many memories. The symbolism of the Museum of Natural History can be found in many aspects of the story, which is why it happens to be the most important and strongest symbol in the novel. The description of the Museum of Natural History that Holden gives, can symbolize the mindset of Holden. Holden describes the museum as: â€Å"The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobody’d move. . . . Nobody’d be different. The only thing that would be different would be you.† Inferring to the quote shows that Holden does not like change. People that change are â€Å"phonies† to Holden. â€Å"Phonies† are fakes or people that do not stay the same. Holden has many memories of the museum because the many times he had to go there for fieldtrips. In Chapter 16 and 17, Holden goes off about the Eskimos and Indians. The displays are frozen to Holden, they are always there and always stay the same. He could judge the displays, but they could not judge him back. Another way in, which the symbolism is shown through the Museum of Natural History is the comparison of the Museum and the Real World. To Holden the Museum of Natural History is the world he would like to live in, but in reality there in no such world. The world he wants is just like the museum. The museum never changes, always stays The same, and is something that cannot judge him. This also resembles the world of the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye.† The world of the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† is a place of innocence and no change. The sad thing about this is there is no world like that. In reality, the world, people, and things change. Changing is a part of human life and is something that always occurs. Holden does not like reality because things change and do not stay the same. Holden does not like â€Å"phonies† or people with truculent attitudes. The Museum of the Natural History and the Real World show the world that Holden wants to live and the world he currently lives in But later on, reality and change become things that Holden soon has to realize. The last aspect that shows the symbolism of the Museum of Natural History is when Holden tells his sister Phoebe to meet him at the museum. This even can be identified special in many ways. The whole point of the meeting was for Holden to give back the money to his sister Phoebe. Going back, Phoebe had gave him the money because he asked for it. Holden had cried because his sister came through for him and always seemed to be there when he needed someone. Holden tells to Phoebe meet him at the museum to return the money. He chooses the museum as a meeting place because how important that place is to him. This place never changes until Holden takes a look at the wall in the Mummy Exhibit. It had cuss words that offended him and made him angry. Because of the cuss word written on the wall, Holden faints. He faints because the one place he thought was â€Å"phony free† changed. This becomes the pinnacle of when Holden starts to realize things change. To sum up, the story Catcher in the Rye by J.D Sallinger shows many reasons on why the Museum of Natural History is the most important symbol in the novel. The Museum of Natural History shows much important because the meaning and impact it has on Holden. The three aspects that symbolism is shown through the Museum of Natural History are: the description of the museum, the significance of the museum as a meeting place, and the comparison of the museum and the real world.

Global Warming Causes And Effects - 2456 Words

Have you been suffering from allergies more lately? If so, it could be because of global warming. Currently, global warming is a major problem that the World is facing and is causing many side effects that people are not aware of such as allergies. Given the increase in global warming activities, it is vital that society works to decrease the level of harmful emissions that are caused by toxic gases and pollutants while increasing the amount of wind and solar energy. Global Warming is a term that is used to describe the gradual increase in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans, which is believed to be permanently changing the climate. A term that is often associated with global warming is the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is why humans are capable of living on this Earth, if there were no such thing; the atmosphere would never to be able to warm up. When levels of the greenhouse gases increase, it traps more heat into the atmosphere, which may be caused by humans releasing large amounts of gases into the atmosphere (Robinson 8). For centuries, the amount of concentration and production of carbon dioxide along with additional greenhouse gases in Earth was in balance. Trees and other plants are a major part of this when they reverse the process with photosynthesis, which would be turning carbon dioxide back into oxygen for people and animals. But in the last century, the amount of human activity has been on the rise that it has slowed down theShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects905 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent variables that are contributing to the cause of a problem the world is currently faced with, global warming. What is global warming? Well, global warming is a rise in the Earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect (which I will talk more about.) Which is when our ozone layer has a hole which gradually increases, a nd increases heat from the sun. This causes major problems such as the polar caps meltingRead MoreCause And Effect Of Global Warming953 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand the cause and effect of global warming, but it can take years for scientists to reach a consensus. The claims that global warming is the next apocalypse or is just some fairy tale lack scientific proof. These claims have confused the general public, and leave many citizens’ questions unanswered. Many people are concerned about the overall decline of environmental health due to an increase in man-made greenhouse gas emissions, but experts are now clarifying the debate on global warming with hardRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1369 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming: Clearing up the Confusion to Become Part of the Solution Global warming, often confused with the term â€Å"climate change,† is a problem of worldly proportions that knows no limits, caused in large part by human actions. If it continues unchecked, its effects will be felt around the planet, from human society, to the environment, to the world economy. The purpose of this research paper is to understand the topic of global warming, its causes and effects, in order to help understandRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1325 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming is already taking place. It stopped being a prediction. The temperature at the earth’s surface has averagely increased by around 0.60 C.Both the oceans and the air are warming. It is believed that the greenhouses gases’ concentrations in the atmosphere have increased dramatically since the periods of pre-industrialization. This condition is caused by the activities of human beings most especially through the burning of fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil,Read MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects973 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming has become a massive problem throughout the world, and as the population grows so do the effects of climate change. What people do not know is that it is the leading cause of the earth’s end and might be a minor cause of death in the far future. Global warming is one of the many things that humans have caused that has no easy fix. Professors Charles Kennel, V. Ramanathan, and David G. Victor at the University of California – San Diego say that â€Å"Greenhouse gas concentrations are trendingRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1206 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is a naturally occurring phenomenon within our planet that needs to be reduced because it is affecting us in many harmful ways. It is one of the most current and widely discussed factors. It has been impacting us negatively in ways such as biodiversity and climate conditions. Several curr ent trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of ice caps and significant worldwide climate changes. Over the years, scientists have conductedRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects880 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming has increased significantly since the 1800s and is becoming a significant impact in our everyday lives. It is considered one of the most challenging environmental problems that exists today. Due to global warming, temperatures on Earth are rising and it’s affecting the way people live. Many people feel concerned about this issue while others could not care less. Developing countries do not understand the impact global warming has and how they should contribute to it while developedRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1453 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Introduction A slight change in temperature may not seem that bad but a small rise in global temperature can do a lot of damage. Global warming is an increase in the earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate [11]. This report is going to discuss the many causes of global warming as well as the effects that come with it. It will also discuss ways to prevent global warming from happening. Causes of Global Warming Global warming is whatRead MoreGlobal Warming : Cause And Effect1471 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming (Cause/Effect) Jimareo Kimmons Comp I Dr. Sarthou 10/30/2015 Droughts, lengthy hot spells, heavy downpours, floods, and other extreme weather events are occurring more frequently and intensely every year. Around the world, research teams are analyzing these trends, noting the changes in temperature, rainfall, ice mass, sea level, and many other variables recorded by weather measuring devices. The trends are undeniable: the Earth is getting warmer. Polar sea iceRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1381 Words   |  6 PagesEarth is broken, and we all had a hand in breaking it, inadvertently though it may have been, by adding an abundance of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere that contribute directly to global warming; and we continue to do so every time we start our car, turn up the heat, turn on the lights or throw away trash. Global warming is a problem, caused in large part by human activity, and as it stands, poses a monumental threat to the planet and all of its occupants; while mega polluters do not have an incentive